Nursing - Wikipedia. Nurse. A British nurse caring for a baby.

Occupation. Names. Nurse. Healthcare professional. Activity sectors. Health care. Description.

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Competencies. Caring for general well- being of patients. Education required. Qualifications in terms of statutory regulations according to national, state, or provincial legislation in each country.

Fields ofemployment. Nursing is a profession within the health care sector focused on the care of individuals, families, and communities so they may attain, maintain, or recover optimal health and quality of life. Nurses may be differentiated from other health care providers by their approach to patient care, training, and scope of practice. Nurses practice in many specialties with differing levels of prescription authority. Many nurses provide care within the ordering scope of physicians, and this traditional role has shaped the public image of nurses as care providers. However, nurses are permitted by most jurisdictions to practice independently in a variety of settings depending on training level. In the postwar period, nurse education has undergone a process of diversification towards advanced and specialized credentials, and many of the traditional regulations and provider roles are changing.[1][2]Nurses develop a plan of care, working collaboratively with physicians, therapists, the patient, the patient's family and other team members, that focuses on treating illness to improve quality of life.

In the United States and the United Kingdom, advanced practice nurses, such as clinical nurse specialists and nurse practitioners, diagnose health problems and prescribe medications and other therapies, depending on individual state regulations. Nurses may help coordinate the patient care performed by other members of a multidisciplinary health care team such as therapists, medical practitioners and dietitians.

Nurses provide care both interdependently, for example, with physicians, and independently as nursing professionals. History[edit]Traditional[edit]Nursing historians face the challenge of determining whether care provided to the sick or injured in antiquity was nursing care.[3] In the fifth century BC, for example, the Hippocratic Collection in places describes skilled care and observation of patients by male "attendants", who may have been early nurses.[4] Around 6. BC in India, it is recorded in Sushruta Samhita, Book 3, Chapter V about the role of nurse as "the different parts or members of the body as mentioned before including the skin, cannot be correctly described by one who is not well versed in anatomy.

Hence, any one desirous of acquiring a thorough knowledge of anatomy should prepare a dead body and carefully, observe, by dissecting it, and examine its different parts."Before the foundation of modern nursing, members of religious orders such as nuns and monks often provided nursing- like care.[5] Examples exist in Christian,[6]Islamic[7] and Buddhist[8] traditions amongst others. Phoebe, mentioned in Romans 1. Watch Paranormal Activity 3 Online Freeform there.

These traditions were influential in the development of the ethos of modern nursing. The religious roots of modern nursing remain in evidence today in many countries. One example in the United Kingdom is the use of the honorific "sister" to refer to a senior nurse.[1. During the Reformation of the 1. Protestant reformers shut down the monasteries and convents, allowing a few hundred municipal hospices to remain in operation in northern Europe. Those nuns who had been serving as nurses were given pensions or told to get married and stay home.[1.

Nursing care went to the inexperienced as traditional caretakers, rooted in the Roman Catholic Church, were removed from their positions. The nursing profession suffered a major setback for approximately 2. Florence Nightingale was an influential figure in the development of modern nursing.

No uniform had been created when Nightingale was employed during the Crimean War. Often considered the first nurse theorist, Nightingale linked health with five environmental factors: (1) pure or fresh air, (2) pure water, (3) efficient drainage, (4) cleanliness, and (5) light, especially direct sun light. Deficiencies in these five factors resulted in lack of health or illness.[1.

Both the role of nursing and education were first defined by Nightingale. Florence Nightingale laid the foundations of professional nursing after the Crimean War.[1. Her Notes on Nursing (1. The Nightingale model of professional education, having set up the first school of nursing that is connected to a continuously operating hospital and medical school, spread widely in Europe and North America after 1. Nightingale was also a pioneer of the graphical presentation of statisticaldata.[1. Other important nurses in the development of the profession include: Agnes Hunt from Shropshire was the first orthopedic nurse and was pivotal in the emergence of the orthopedic hospital The Robert Jones & Agnes Hunt Hospital in Oswestry, Shropshire.

Agnes Jones, who established a nurse training regime at the Brownlow Hill infirmary, Liverpool, in 1. Linda Richards, who established quality nursing schools in the United States and Japan, and was officially the first professionally trained nurse in the US, graduating in 1. New England Hospital for Women and Children in Boston. Clarissa Harlowe "Clara" Barton, a pioneer American teacher, patent clerk, nurse, and humanitarian, and the founder of the American Red Cross. Saint Marianne Cope, a Sister of St Francis who opened and operated some of the first general hospitals in the United States, instituting cleanliness standards which influenced the development of America's modern hospital system.[1. Catholic orders such as Little Sisters of the Poor, Sisters of Mercy, Sisters of St.

Mary, St. Francis Health Services, Inc. Sisters of Charity built hospitals and provided nursing services during this period.[citation needed] In turn, the modern deaconess movement began in Germany in 1. Within a half century, there were over 5,0. Europe.[2. 0]Formal use of nurses in the modern military began in the latter half of the nineteenth century.

Nurses saw active duty in the First Boer War, the Egyptian Campaign (1. Sudan Campaign (1. A recruiting poster for Australian nurses from World War I. Hospital- based training came to the fore in the early 1. The Nightingale- style school began to disappear.

Hospitals and physicians saw women in nursing as a source of free or inexpensive labor.